Musk yongeye kuvuga ashize amanga mu isohoka rya "Tesla Day abashoramari", ati: "Mpa miliyoni 10 z'amadolari, nzakemura ikibazo cy'ingufu zisukuye ku isi." Muri iyo nama, Musk yatangaje "Igishushanyo mbonera" (Igishushanyo mbonera). Mu bihe biri imbere, kubika ingufu za batiri bizagera kuri terawatt 240 (TWH), ingufu zishobora kongerwa 30 terawatt (TWH), igisekuru kizaza cyo guteranya imodoka cyagabanutseho 50%, hydrogen yo gusimbuza burundu amakara hamwe nuruhererekane runini. Muri bo, icyakuruye impaka zishyushye mu mbuga za interineti ni uko Musk yavuzemoteri ya rukuruzi ihorahocy'igisekuru kizaza cy'imodoka z'amashanyarazi ntizagira isi idasanzwe.
Intego yibiganiro byurubuga rushyushye ni isi idasanzwe. Kubera ko isi idasanzwe ari umutungo w’ingenzi wohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa, Ubushinwa n’igihugu kinini cyohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi bidasanzwe. Ku isoko ry’isi idasanzwe ku isi, impinduka zikenewe zizagira ingaruka ku miterere y’ubutaka budasanzwe. Abanyarubuga bahangayikishijwe n’ingaruka ibyo Musk avuga ko ibisekuruza bizaza bya moteri zihoraho zidashobora gukoresha isi idasanzwe bizagira ku isi idasanzwe.
Kugirango ibi bisobanuke neza, ikibazo kigomba gucika gato. Ubwa mbere, mubyukuri mubyukuri isi idasanzwe ikoreshwa; kabiri, burya isi idasanzwe ikoreshwa murimoteri ihorahonkijanisha ryibisabwa byose; n'icya gatatu, ni kangahe umwanya uhari kugirango isi idasanzwe isimburwe.
Mbere ya byose, reka turebe ikibazo cya mbere, ni ubuhe butaka budasanzwe bukoreshwa?
Ubutaka budasanzwe ni umutungo ugereranije, kandi nyuma yubucukuzi, butunganyirizwa mubintu bitandukanye bidasanzwe byubutaka. Ibisabwa byo hasi kubikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri byingenzi: ibikoresho gakondo nibikoresho bishya.
Porogaramu gakondo zirimo inganda zibyuma, inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, ibirahuri nubutaka, ubuhinzi, imyenda yoroheje n’imirima ya gisirikare, nibindi. Mu rwego rwibikoresho bishya, ibikoresho bitandukanye by’ubutaka bidasanzwe bihuye n’ibice bitandukanye byo hepfo, nk'ibikoresho byo kubika hydrogène kuri bateri zibika hydrogène, ibikoresho bya magnetiki bihoraho bya NdFeB, ibikoresho byo gusya ibikoresho bya gazi.
Imikoreshereze yubutaka budasanzwe irashobora kuvugwa ko ari nini cyane kandi cyane, ububiko bwisi ku isi budasanzwe ni toni miliyoni amagana gusa, naho Ubushinwa bugera kuri kimwe cya gatatu cyabyo. Ni ukubera ko isi idasanzwe ari ingirakamaro kandi ni gake ifite agaciro gakomeye cyane.
Icyakabiri, reka turebe umubare wubutaka budasanzwe bukoreshwa murimoteri ihorahokubara umubare rusange wibisabwa
Mubyukuri, aya magambo ntabwo arukuri. Ntabwo bivuze kuganira ku mubare w'isi udasanzwe ukoreshwa muri moteri ihoraho. Ubutaka budasanzwe bukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo bya moteri ya PM, ntabwo ari ibice byabigenewe. Kubera ko Musk avuga ko igisekuru gishya cya moteri ihoraho itagira isi idasanzwe, bivuze ko Musk yabonye ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ibikoresho bishya bishobora gusimbuza isi idasanzwe iyo bigeze ku bikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho. Rero, mubyukuri, iki kibazo kigomba kuganira, uko isi idasanzwe ikoreshwa mugice cyibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho.
Nk’uko imibare ya Roskill ibigaragaza, mu mwaka wa 2020, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya rukuruzi by’isi ni byo bifite uruhare runini ku isi ikenera ibikoresho by’ubutaka bidasanzwe mu bikorwa byo hasi, bigera kuri 29%, ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya catalitiki by’ubutaka bingana na 21%, ibikoresho byo gusya bingana na 13%, ibikoresho by’ibirahure bya 8%, porogaramu zikoresha za batiri zingana na 7%, izindi porogaramu zikaba zifite imiti igera kuri 14%.
Ikigaragara ni uko ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho aribwo buryo bwo hasi bukoreshwa cyane kubutaka budasanzwe. Niba dusuzumye uko ibintu byifashe mu iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda nshya z’imodoka zifite ingufu mu myaka ibiri ishize, isi idasanzwe ikenera ibikoresho bya rukuruzi zihoraho byari bikwiye kurenga 30%. .
Ibi biganisha ku mwanzuro ko gukenera isi idasanzwe mubikoresho bya magneti bihoraho ari byinshi cyane.
Ikibazo cya nyuma, ni kangahe umwanya uhari kugirango isi idasanzwe isimburwe
Iyo hari tekinolojiya mishya cyangwa ibikoresho bishya bishobora guhura nibikorwa bikenewe bya rukuruzi zihoraho, birakwiriye gutekereza ko porogaramu zose zikoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya magneti bihoraho, usibye moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho, irashobora gusimburwa. Ariko, kuba ushobora gusimbuza ntibisobanura byanze bikunze ko bizasimburwa. Ni ukubera ko agaciro k'ubucuruzi kagomba gusuzumwa mugihe cyo gukoresha nyako. Ku ruhande rumwe, burya tekinoroji cyangwa ibikoresho bishya bizamura imikorere yibicuruzwa bityo bihinduke amafaranga yinjira; kurundi ruhande, yaba ikiguzi cyikoranabuhanga rishya cyangwa ibikoresho biri hejuru cyangwa biri hasi ugereranije nubutaka bwambere budasanzwe ibintu bya magneti bihoraho. Gusa mugihe tekinolojiya mishya cyangwa ibikoresho bifite agaciro gasumba ubucuruzi kuruta isi idasanzwe ya magneti ihoraho izasimburwa byuzuye.
Ikidashidikanywaho ni uko muri Tesla itanga amasoko, agaciro k'ubucuruzi k'ubundi buryo karuta ubw'ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya magneti bihoraho, bitabaye ibyo ntibikenewe gushora imari muri R&D. Kubyerekeye niba tekinoroji nshya ya Musk cyangwa ibikoresho bishya bifite byinshi bihindagurika, niba iki gisubizo gishobora gukopororwa no kumenyekana. Ibi bizacirwa urubanza ukurikije igihe Musk yashohoje amasezerano ye.
Niba mu gihe kiri imbere iyi gahunda nshya ya Musk ijyanye n’amategeko y’ubucuruzi (agaciro k’ubucuruzi kari hejuru) kandi irashobora gutezwa imbere, noneho isi yose ikenera isi idasanzwe igomba kugabanuka byibuze 30%. Birumvikana ko gusimburwa bizatwara inzira, ntabwo ari uguhumbya gusa. Imyitwarire ku isoko ni igabanuka gahoro gahoro ku isi ikenera isi idasanzwe. Kugabanuka kwa 30% kubisabwa bigiye kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku gaciro k’ubutaka budasanzwe.
Iterambere ryurwego rwikoranabuhanga rwabantu ntiruhindurwa numutima wawe nubushake. Umuntu ku giti cye abishaka cyangwa atabishaka, byemere cyangwa utabyemera, ikoranabuhanga rihora ritera imbere. Aho kurwanya iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, nibyiza kwinjiza mumatsinda yiterambere ryikoranabuhanga kugirango uyobore icyerekezo cyibihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-31-2023