Musk yongeye gutangaza amagambo akomeye mu itangazo rya "Tesla Investor Day", agira ati: "Mpa tiriyari 10 z'amadolari, nzakemura ikibazo cy'ingufu zisukuye ku isi." Muri iyo nama, Musk yatangaje "Master Plan" ye (Master Plan). Mu gihe kizaza, ububiko bw'ingufu za bateri buzagera kuri terawati 240 (TWH), ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa terawati 30 (TWH), ikiguzi cyo guteranya imodoka mu gisekuru gitaha cyagabanutseho 50%, hydrogen yo gusimbura burundu amakara n'uruhererekane rw'ibikorwa bikomeye. Muri byo, icyateje impaka zikomeye mu bakoresha interineti bo mu gihugu ni uko Musk yavuze komoteri ihoraho ya rukuruziy'ikinyejana gitaha cy'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi nta butaka budasanzwe zizaba zifite.
Insanganyamatsiko y’impaka zikomeye ku bakoresha interineti ni ukureba ibintu bitaboneka. Kubera ko ibintu bitaboneka ari umutungo w’ingenzi mu bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa, Ubushinwa ni bwo bushora imari nyinshi ku isi mu kohereza ibintu bitaboneka. Ku isoko ry’ibintu bitaboneka ku isi, impinduka mu busabe zizagira ingaruka ku mwanya w’ingenzi w’ibintu bitaboneka ku isi. Abakoresha interineti bafite impungenge ku ngaruka Musk avuga ko moteri za rukuruzi zihoraho zitazakoresha ibintu bitaboneka ku isi zizagira ku bintu bitaboneka ku isi.
Kugira ngo ibi bisobanuke neza, ikibazo kigomba gusobanurwa gato. Ubwa mbere, ni ibihe bintu by’ingenzi bikoreshwa mu butaka budasanzwe; icya kabiri, ni ingano y’ibintu bidasanzwe bikoreshwa mu butaka budasanzwe.moteri zikoresha magneti zihorahonk'ijanisha ry'ingano yose y'ibikenewe; naho icya gatatu, ni umwanya ungana iki ushobora gusimburwa n'ubutaka budasanzwe.
Mbere na mbere, reka turebe ikibazo cya mbere, ni ibihe bintu bidasanzwe bikoreshwa mu butaka?
Ubutaka budasanzwe ni umutungo uboneka gake cyane, kandi nyuma yo gucukura, butunganywamo ibikoresho bitandukanye by’ubutaka budasanzwe. Ubukene bw’ibikoresho by’ubutaka budasanzwe bushobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri by’ingenzi: ibikoresho gakondo n’ibishya.
Ikoreshwa gakondo ririmo inganda zikora ibyuma, inganda zikora peteroli, ibirahure n'ibimera, ubuhinzi, imyenda yoroheje n'ibibuga bya gisirikare, n'ibindi. Mu rwego rw'ibikoresho bishya, ibikoresho bitandukanye by'ubutaka budakunze kuboneka bihuye n'ibice bitandukanye byo hasi, nko kubika hydrogen kuri bateri za hydrogen, ibikoresho by'urumuri kuri phosphore, ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho kuri NdFeB, ibikoresho byo gusiga ibikoresho byo gusiga, ibikoresho bya catalytic kuri gazi isohora umwotsi.
Ikoreshwa ry'ubutaka budasanzwe rishobora kuvugwa ko ari rinini cyane kandi cyane, ububiko bw'ubutaka budasanzwe ku isi ni miliyoni amagana gusa, kandi Ubushinwa bugira hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyabwo. Ni ukubera ko ubutaka budasanzwe ari ingirakamaro kandi ari buke cyane, bituma bufite agaciro gakomeye cyane.
Icya kabiri, reka turebe umubare w'ubutaka budasanzwe bwakoreshejwe murimoteri zikoresha magneti zihorahokugira ngo harebwe umubare wose w'ibikenewe
Mu by’ukuri, iyi mvugo ntabwo ari ukuri. Nta gaciro bifite ku bijyanye no kuvuga ku mubare w’ibintu bidasanzwe bikoreshwa muri moteri za rukuruzi zihoraho. Ibintu bidasanzwe bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo kuri moteri za PM, ntabwo ari ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi. Kubera ko Musk avuga ko icyiciro gishya cya moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho kidafite ibintu bidasanzwe, bivuze ko Musk yabonye ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ibikoresho bishya bishobora gusimbura ibintu bidasanzwe iyo bigeze ku bikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho. Rero, mu by’ukuri, iki kibazo kigomba kuganira ku mubare w’ibintu bidasanzwe bikoreshwa mu gice cy’ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho.
Dukurikije amakuru ya Roskill, mu 2020, ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho bya rare earth ni byo byinshi mu bikenewe ku isi mu bikoresho bya rare earth mu bikorwa biri inyuma, kugeza kuri 29%, ibikoresho bya rare earth catalytic byari 21%, ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi byari 13%, ibikoresho by'ibyuma byari 8%, ibikoresho by'ikirahure cy'urumuri byari 8%, ibikoresho bya bateri byari 7%, ibindi byari 14%, birimo ibumba, imiti n'ibindi.
Birumvikana ko ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho ari byo biri mu bikorwa biri hasi cyane, bikaba ari nabyo bikenewe cyane ku butaka buto. Iyo turebye uko ibintu bihagaze mu iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda nshya zikoresha ingufu mu myaka ibiri ishize, ubwinshi bw’ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho mu butaka buto busanzwe bwagombaga kuba bwararenze 30%. (Icyitonderwa: Kuri ubu, ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri moteri za rukuruzi zihoraho z’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ni ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho mu butaka buto)
Ibi bituma hafatwa umwanzuro w'uko ikenerwa ry'ubutaka budasanzwe mu bikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho riri hejuru cyane.
Ikibazo cya nyuma, ni ikihe kintu gishobora gusimburwa n'ubutaka budasanzwe?
Iyo hari ikoranabuhanga rishya cyangwa ibikoresho bishya bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho, ni ibintu bifatika gutekereza ko porogaramu zose zikoresha ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho bya rare earth, usibye moteri za rukuruzi zihoraho, zishobora gusimburwa. Ariko, kuba ushobora gusimbuza ntibisobanura ko bizasimburwa. Ibi ni ukubera ko agaciro k'ubucuruzi kagomba kwitabwaho iyo bigeze ku ikoreshwa nyaryo. Ku ruhande rumwe, uburyo ikoranabuhanga rishya cyangwa ibikoresho bizamura imikorere y'ibicuruzwa bityo bikavamo inyungu; ku rundi ruhande, niba ikiguzi cy'ikoranabuhanga rishya cyangwa ibikoresho ari kinini cyangwa gito ugereranije n'ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho bya rare earth. Iyo ikoranabuhanga rishya cyangwa ibikoresho bifite agaciro kari hejuru y'ubucuruzi kurusha ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho bya rare earth, ni bwo hazashyirwaho uburyo bwo gusimbuza busesuye.
Ikizwi ni uko mu bijyanye n’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho bya Tesla, agaciro k’ubu buryo bw’ubucuruzi kari hejuru kurusha ubw’ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho by’ubutaka, bitabaye ibyo nta mpamvu yo gushora imari mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba ikoranabuhanga rishya rya Musk cyangwa ibikoresho bishya bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye, niba ubu buryo bw’ibisubizo bushobora gukopwa no gukundwa. Ibi bizagenwa hakurikijwe igihe Musk azaba yujuje isezerano rye.
Niba mu gihe kizaza iyi gahunda nshya ya Musk ijyanye n'amategeko y'ubucuruzi (agaciro kari hejuru mu bucuruzi) kandi ishobora gutezwa imbere, icyo gihe icyifuzo cy'ubutaka budasanzwe ku isi kigomba kugabanukaho nibura 30%. Birumvikana ko iki gikorwa cyo gusimbuza kizatwara inzira, atari ako kanya gusa. Igisubizo ku isoko ni ukugabanuka buhoro buhoro kw'igikenewe cy'ubutaka budasanzwe ku isi. Kandi kugabanuka kwa 30% by'igikenewe bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku gaciro k'ubutaka budasanzwe.
Iterambere ry'urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga ry'abantu ntirihinduka bitewe n'amarangamutima n'ubushake bwabo bwite. Abantu barabikunda cyangwa batabyemera, babyemera cyangwa batabyemera, ikoranabuhanga rihora ritera imbere. Aho kurwanya iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, ni byiza kwifatanya n'itsinda ry'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bayobore icyerekezo cy'ibihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 31 Nyakanga-2023