1, Koderi ni iki
Mu gihe cy'imikorere yaMoteri ya moteri ya worm N20 DC, ibipimo nk'amashanyarazi, umuvuduko n'aho biherereye mu cyerekezo cy'uruziga ruzenguruka bigenzurwa mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y'umubiri wa moteri n'ibikoresho bikururwa, ndetse no kugenzura imikorere ya moteri n'ibikoresho mu gihe nyacyo, bityo bigakorwa ku mirimo myinshi yihariye nko kugenzura umuvuduko. Aha, gukoresha encoder nk'ikintu gipima imbere ntibyoroshya gusa sisitemu yo gupima, ahubwo ni byiza, byizewe kandi bifite imbaraga. Encoder ni sensor izenguruka ihindura ingano y'aho iherereye n'aho izenguruka ibice bikagenda mu ruhererekane rw'ibimenyetso by'ingufu za digitale, bikusanyirizwa kandi bigatunganywa na sisitemu yo kugenzura kugira ngo itange amabwiriza menshi yo guhindura no guhindura imiterere y'imikorere y'ibikoresho. Iyo encoder ihujwe na gear bar cyangwa screw, ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gupima aho iherereye n'aho igenda ibice bizenguruka.
2, ishyirwa mu byiciro rya encoder
Icyiciro cy'ibanze cya Encoder:
Encoder ni igikoresho gipima neza kandi gikoresha ikoranabuhanga, ikimenyetso cyangwa amakuru bizashyirwa mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki, bihindurwe, kugira ngo bigerweho, byohererezwe kandi bibikwe amakuru y'ibimenyetso. Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye, encoder zishyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira:
● Disiki ya kode n'igipimo cya kode. Imashini ihindura displacement ya linear mo ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi yitwa gipimo cya kode, naho ihindura displacement ya angular mo itumanaho ni disiki ya kode.
● Imashini zikora inyuguti z'inyongera. Itanga amakuru nk'aho iherereye, inguni n'umubare w'impinduka, kandi ikagena umuvuduko w'impinduka hakurikijwe umubare w'impinduka kuri buri mpinduka.
● Itanga amakuru nk'aho iri, inguni, n'umubare w'impinduka mu nyongera z'inguni, kandi buri nyongera y'inguni ihabwa kode yihariye.
● Hybrid absolute encoder. Hybrid absolute encoder itanga amakuru abiri: itsinda rimwe ry'amakuru rikoreshwa mu kumenya aho pole iri hamwe n'imikorere y'amakuru ahagije, naho irindi tsinda rikaba rimeze neza nk'amakuru asohoka ya incremental encoder.
Imashini zikoresha encoders zikunze gukoreshwa muri moteri:
●Incremental encoder
Gukoresha ihame ryo guhindura amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo utange amaseti atatu y'imivuduko kare A, B na Z. Itandukaniro ry'icyiciro hagati y'amaseti abiri y'imivuduko A na B ni 90o, ku buryo icyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka gishobora gupimwa byoroshye; igice cya Z ni umuvuduko umwe kuri buri muzunguruko kandi gikoreshwa mu gushyiraho aho umurongo uherereye. Ibyiza: imiterere yoroheje y'ishingiro, imikorere y'imashini isanzwe ishobora kumara amasaha ibihumbi mirongo, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingaruka, ubwizerwe bwinshi, kandi ikwiriye kohereza intera ndende. Ibyiza: kudashobora gutanga amakuru y'aho umuvuduko w'umuyoboro uzenguruka burundu.
● Koderi ihoraho (absolute encoder)
Hari imiyoboro myinshi ya kode ifatanye mu cyerekezo cya radial ku gice cy’urukiramende cy’urukiramende rw’urukiramende, kandi buri muyoboro ugizwe n’ibice by’urukiramende n’ibidatanga urumuri, kandi umubare w’ibice by’imiyoboro ya kode yegeranye ni kabiri, kandi umubare w’imiyoboro ya kode ku gice cy’urukiramende ni umubare w’imibare ibiri. Iyo igice cy’urukiramende kiri mu myanya itandukanye, buri kintu cy’ifoto gihindurwamo ikimenyetso cy’urwego gihuye bitewe n’urumuri cyangwa kitari cyo, bigatuma habaho umubare wa kabiri.
Ubu bwoko bwa encoder burangwa no kuba nta counter isabwa kandi kode ya digitale ihamye ijyanye n'aho iherereye ishobora gusomwa ahantu hose h'umurongo uzenguruka. Birumvikana ko uko imiyoboro myinshi ya kode ari ko ubushobozi bwo kuba bwinshi, kandi kuri encoder ifite N-bit binary resolution, disiki ya kode igomba kuba ifite imiyoboro ya kode ya N. Kuri ubu, hari ibicuruzwa bya encoder bya 16-bit absolute mu Bushinwa.
3, ihame ry'imikorere rya encoder
Binyuze kuri disiki y'ishusho y'amashanyarazi ifite umurongo hagati, hari imirongo y'uruziga n'inyandiko yijimye, kandi hari ibikoresho byo kohereza no kwakira amashanyarazi byo kubisoma, kandi amatsinda ane y'ibimenyetso by'imiraba ya sine ahuzwa muri A, B, C na D. Buri muraba wa sine utandukanye n'itandukaniro rya dogere 90 (dogere 360 ugereranije n'umuraba uzenguruka), kandi ibimenyetso bya C na D birasubirwamo kandi bigashyirwa ku byiciro bya A na B, bishobora kongera ikimenyetso gihamye; kandi indi mivuduko ya Z irasohoka kuri buri muzunguruko kugira ngo igaragaze aho zeru iherereye.
Kubera ko ibyiciro bibiri A na B bitandukanye na dogere 90, umuntu ashobora kugereranya niba icyiciro A kiri imbere cyangwa icyiciro B kiri imbere kugira ngo amenye aho encoder izenguruka imbere n'inyuma, kandi igice cy'ingenzi cya encoder gishobora kuboneka binyuze muri zeru pulse. Ibikoresho bya encoder code ni ikirahure, icyuma, pulasitiki, ikirahure code plate gishyirwa ku kirahure gifite umurongo muto cyane washushanyijeho, ubushyuhe bwacyo ni bwiza, ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, ikirahure code plate cy'icyuma kinyura mu buryo butaziguye kandi ntabwo ari umurongo washushanyijeho, ntabwo cyoroha, ariko kubera ko icyuma gifite ubugari runaka, ubuziranenge ni buke, ubushyuhe bwacyo ni bubi cyane kurusha ikirahure, ikirahure code plate cya pulasitiki ni igiciro, ikiguzi cyacyo ni gito, ariko ubuziranenge, ubushyuhe budahindagurika, ubuzima ni bubi.
Umusozo - encoder yo gutanga umubare w'imirongo inyura cyangwa yijimye yashushanyije kuri dogere 360 z'izunguruka yitwa umusozo, uzwi kandi nka resolution indexing, cyangwa umurongo utaziguye, muri rusange mu mirongo 5 ~ 10000 kuri buri revolution indexing.
4, Igipimo cy'umwanya n'ihame ryo kugenzura ibitekerezo
Imashini zikora ibishushanyo mbonera zifite umwanya ukomeye cyane muri ascenseur, ibikoresho by'imashini, gutunganya ibikoresho, sisitemu yo gusubiza amakuru kuri moteri, ndetse no mu bikoresho byo gupima no kugenzura. Imashini ikora ibishushanyo mbonera ikoresha akantu ko gukurura n'urumuri rwa infrared kugira ngo ihindure ikimenyetso cy'urumuri gihinduka ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi cya TTL (HTL) binyuze muri receiver. Mu gusesengura inshuro z'urwego rwa TTL n'umubare w'urwego rwo hejuru, inguni izenguruka n'umwanya wo kuzenguruka kwa moteri bigaragarira mu buryo bugaragara.
Kubera ko inguni n'aho biherereye bishobora gupimwa neza, icyuma gipima imiterere y'imashini (encoder) na inverter bishobora gukorwamo sisitemu yo kugenzura ifunganye kugira ngo ikore neza kurushaho, ari nayo mpamvu ascenseur, ibikoresho by'imashini, nibindi bishobora gukoreshwa neza cyane.
5, Incamake
Muri make, turasobanukiwe ko encoders zigabanyijemo ibice bibiri, kimwe n’ibindi byose bitewe n’imiterere yazo, kandi zombi zihindura ibindi bimenyetso, nk’ibimenyetso by’urumuri, mo ibimenyetso by’amashanyarazi bishobora gusesengura no kugenzurwa. Ascenseur zisanzwe n’ibikoresho by’imashini mu buzima bwacu bishingiye ku ihinduka ry’uburyo moteri ikora, kandi binyuze mu kugenzura ikimenyetso cy’amashanyarazi, encoder ifite inverter nayo ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kugera ku igenzura ry’uburyo bukora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Nyakanga-2023