Kwinjira mu mubiri w'umuntu: Ni gute moteri ntoya iba umutima wa roboti zidakunda kwangirika mu buvuzi?

Muri filime z’ubuhanga mu bya siyansi, dukunze kubona ahantu hagaragara robots nto zinjira mu mitsi y’amaraso y’abantu kugira ngo zisane neza ibisebe. Muri iki gihe, iyi migani irimo kuba impamo vuba. "Umutima" utuma izo robots zikora ibikorwa byoroshye ni wo utuma zikora ibikorwa byoroshye.moteri yo kuzamuka, ikaba ari ntoya mu bunini ariko ifite imbaraga nyinshi.

Bitewe n’uko umubare w’abaturage bakuze ugenda wiyongera ndetse n’ubwiyongere bw’abakeneye kubagwa mu buryo budakoresha imiti myinshi, isoko ry’imashini zikora amarobo mu buvuzi riri kwiyongera ku kigero cya buri mwaka kirenga 20%. Muri iki gikorwa, imashini ntomoteri zo kuzamuka, hamwe n'ibyiza byazo byo gushyira ahantu nyaho neza, kugenzura neza, n'ingano nto, birimo kuba isoko y'ingufu z'amarobo atandukanye yo kwa muganga adakoresha ingufu nyinshi. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma ikoreshwa rya moteri nto mu rwego rwo kubaga abaganga badakoresha ingufu nyinshi n'uburyo irimo kuzamura ubuvuzi bugezweho ku rwego rushya.

一、Moteri ntoya: "umutima" mwiza w'amarobo yo kwa muganga

Imashini ntoyamoteri y'intambweni icyuma gihindura ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'ingufu. Bitandukanye na moteri zisanzwe za DC, ishobora kugera ku mwanya wayo neza iyobowe na buri gice cy'ingufu. Muri buri mpufu yinjiye, moteri izunguruka inguni idahinduka (izwi nka inguni y'intambwe). Iyi miterere iyiha inyungu zidasanzwe mu buryo budatera ingaruka mbi mu buvuzi:

1. Ifite imiterere isobanutse neza kandi igenzurwa

Micro isanzwemoteri y'intambweishobora kugera ku nguni ya 1.8° cyangwa ntoya kurushaho. Hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya micro-stepping drive, uburyo ihagaze neza bushobora kugera ku rwego rwa micrometer. Ku bikoresho byo kubaga bisaba gukoresha neza, ubwo buryo ni ingenzi cyane. Urugero, mu kubaga amaso, inshinge zikoresha moteri zigomba gutera imbere neza kugira ngo hirindwe kwangiza retina.

2. Igishushanyo mbonera cya Miniaturization

Muri iki gihe, moteri ntoya zifite umurambararo muto nka milimetero 1.9 kandi zipima garama iri munsi ya 1 ziraboneka ku isoko. Ubu bunini buto cyane butuma zoroshye kuzishyira mu mwanya muto nka endoscope, catheters, forceps zo kubaga, nibindi, bigatuma "imbere mu mubiri w'umuntu" hakorwa ibikorwa byinshi.

3. Ubucucike bwinshi bwa torque

Nubwo ari ntoya, ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bigezweho n'imiterere ya electromagnetism bituma moteri nto zikora amashanyarazi zisohora imbaraga zihagije zo gutwara ibikoresho byo kubaga. Urugero, moteri ifite umurambararo wa milimetero 4 ishobora gukora imbaraga zirenga 0.5 mN·m, zihagije gutwara uburyo buto bwo gukata cyangwa gufata.

4. Kuba bihuye n'uburyo ibintu bihinduka kandi bikaba byizewe

Micro yo mu rwego rw'ubuvuzimoteri zo kuzamukaUbusanzwe zirimo udusanduku tw'icyuma kidashonga n'udupira twihariye, bitanga ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza umubiri no kurwanya ingese mu mubiri w'umuntu. Byongeye kandi, imiterere yazo idakoresha uburoso igabanya kwangirika no gutanga ubushyuhe, bigatuma zikora neza mu mubiri igihe kirekire.

二、Ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi: kuva ku gusuzuma indwara kugeza ku kuvurwa

1. Roboti ikoresha imitsi: "umukozi ushinzwe kuyobora" kugira ngo amenye neza uburyo bwo kugenda

Mu kuvura indwara z’umutima n’imitsi yo mu bwonko, kubaga hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye ni uburyo busanzwe. Mu kubaga gakondo, abaganga bagomba gusunika insinga z’ubuyobozi n’ibyuma bipima umuriro bakoresheje X-ray, ibyo bikaba bigoye kandi bigatera ibyago byo kwangirika kw’imirasire.

Roboti zikoresha imitsi zitwarwa na moteri nto zigenda zihindura iki kibazo. Ku mpera ya sisitemu ya roboti, hari uduce twinshi tw’udusimbamoteri zo kuzamukabikora hamwe kugira ngo bigenzure neza iterambere, ukuzunguruka, n'inguni yo kuzunguruka kw'umuyoboro w'inzira. Hamwe n'uburyo bwo kureba bwa AI, moteri zishobora guhindura inzira y'imbere mu buryo bwikora hashingiwe ku makuru ya angiography, zinyura mu mitsi y'amaraso ifite ubukana bwa milimetero 0.1 kugira ngo zigere aho igisebe cyabereye. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa ingorane zo kubagwa ahubwo binagabanya imirasire ku barwayi ndetse no ku baganga.

2. Roboti yo kubaga hakoreshejwe endoskopi: "ukuboko kwa roboti" kworoshye

Kubaga hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery" (INYANDIKO) ni icyerekezo gishya mu kubaga mu buryo budakoresha imbaraga nyinshi. Abaganga bashyiramo endoscopes mu buryo busanzwe nk'umunwa no mu kibuno kugira ngo babage nko gukuraho agasabo k'inkari no kubaga appendix.

Urufunguzo rw'ubu bwoko bw'ubu buvuzi ruri mu gice cy'imbere cya endoscope, kigomba kuba gifite ubushobozi bwo kugorora imiterere y'umubiri mu buryo butandukanye no gukoresha neza.Moteri nto zo kuzamukaho amaguruAha ngaha bigira uruhare runini: moteri nto nyinshi zigenzura aho lenzi ijya hejuru, ibumoso-iburyo, ndetse no gufungura no gufunga, no kuzunguruka kw'imbaraga zo kubaga. Bitewe n'imiterere ya moteri, abaganga bashobora kugenzura neza uburebure bwa buri gikorwa, bigatuma ingingo zitandukana neza kandi zigasukwa. Muri iki gihe, moteri zifite umurambararo wa milimetero 3-5 gusa zishobora gushyirwa mu byuma bitanga umusaruro, bigatuma endoscope zikora ibikorwa bigoye ahantu hafunganye.

3. Uburyo bwo gutanga imiti bwibanda ku ntego: "valve" yo kurekura neza

Mu rwego rwo kuvura ikibyimba, gutanga imiti yihariye ni ingenzi mu kugabanya ingaruka mbi. Abashakashatsi barimo gukora ibikoresho byo gutanga imiti bishobora gushyirwa mu mubiri bitwarwa na moteri nto. Ibi bikoresho birimo ikigega cy'imiti na pompe nto, bigenzura uburyo imiyoboro mito ifunguka kandi igafunga moteri kugira ngo imiti irekurwe ku gihe kandi mu buryo bungana. 

Urugero, ku barwayi ba kanseri bakeneye imiti ya chimiotherapie y'igihe kirekire, sisitemu yo gutanga imiti ikoresheje moteri ishobora kurekura imiti mu buryo bwikora hakurikijwe gahunda zashyizweho cyangwa ibimenyetso by'umubiri mu gihe nyacyo (nk'impinduka mu isukari y'amaraso na pH), bityo ikirinda ububabare bwo guterwa inshinge kenshi. Imiterere y'intambwe ya moteri nto itera intambwe ihamya urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubuziranenge muri buri dose irekurwa, hamwe n'ikosa rishobora kugenzurwa muri 5%.

二、Imbogamizi za tekiniki n'ibyagezweho

Nubwo hari ubushobozi bunini bwa micromoteri zo kuzamukaMu rwego rw'ubuvuzi budakoresha imiti myinshi, haracyakenewe gukemurwa ibibazo byinshi bya tekiniki kugira ngo hagerwe ku ikoreshwa rikomeye mu buvuzi:

1. Kuringaniza hagati y'ingufu nto n'ubucucike bw'ingufu

Uko ingano ya moteri igenda igabanuka, ibibazo byo gushonga kw'ubushyuhe biragaragara. Muri iki gihe, abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha ibikoresho bishya bya rukuruzi (nk'icyuma cya neodymium boron) n'imiterere myiza yo gufunga kugira ngo bongere umusaruro mu buryo buciriritse, mu gihe bagera ku gushonga kw'ubushyuhe vuba binyuze mu kunoza ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'inyubako. 

2. Igishushanyo mbonera cyanduye kandi gifunze neza

Moteri zinjira mu mubiri w'umuntu zigomba kuba zifite uburyo bwo kuzifunga burundu kugira ngo amazi yo mu mubiri adakwirakwira mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa agatera indwara. Iterambere mu gukoresha laser welding no gukoresha inshinge neza byatumye moteri zifite umurambararo wa milimetero nke gusa zigira uburinzi bwa IP68, zihangana no gutoberwa ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi.

3. Guhuza kwa resonance ya magnetic

Hari uburyo bwo kubaga bugomba gukorwa hifashishijwe ubuyobozi bwa MRI, bigasaba moteri zidafite ibikoresho bya ferromagnetike kandi zidatera amashanyarazi kubangamirana. Moteri za Ultrasonic n'izidakoresha amashanyarazi byakozwe mu buryo bwihariye.moteri zo kuzamukazirimo kugaragara nk'ibisubizo, kuko zishobora gukora neza mu mbaraga zikomeye za rukuruzi. 

二、Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Uburyo bwo kubaga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya "Smart Micro-motion" no kubaga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya "Remote Surgery"

Mu gihe tureba mu 2030, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubwenge bw'ubukorano n'ikoranabuhanga rya 5G, moteri nto zitwara amaguru zizatuma roboti zikoresha ubuvuzi zigera ku rwego rwo hejuru:

Uburyo bwo kumva no kugenzura uburyo ibintu bihinduka: Moteri y’ubwenge ihujwe na microsensors ishobora kubona ubukana bw’ingingo n’impinduka mu mikorere y’amaraso, igahindura imbaraga z’imikorere mu buryo bwikora, kandi ikirinda kwangiza ingingo zisanzwe.

Gukwirakwiza ubuvuzi bwo kubaga kure: Micro ifite ubuhanga buhanitsemoteri zo kuzamuka, hamwe n'imiyoboro y'itumanaho idatinze cyane, bituma impuguke zishobora kubaga abarwayi mu turere twa kure, ndetse no mu birometero ibihumbi.

Imikorere y'ubufatanye mu matsinda: Mu gihe kizaza, hashobora kubaho itsinda ry'"roboti za capsule" zitwarwa na moteri nyinshi za micro stepper, zizinjirira mu mubiri mu buryo buhujwe kugira ngo zikore imirimo nko gushakisha, gupima no gutanga imiti.

五、Umwanzuro

Kuva ku bice by’inganda byakoreshejwe mu gucapa no mu bikoresho byikora kugeza ku "mutima" ubu winjira mu mubiri w'umuntu kugira ngo urokore ubuzima, moteri nto ziri kwandika igice gishya mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi budakoresha imiti myinshi. Binyuze mu ngendo zikozwe neza ku rwego rwa mikorometero, ziha abaganga ubushobozi bwo gukora burenze amaboko y'abantu, bigatuma kubaga biba byiza, bidatera imvune nyinshi, kandi vuba kugira ngo bikire vuba. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho mu ikoranabuhanga, dufite impamvu yo kwizera ko moteri nto zikoresha imiti migufi zizaba imbaraga z'ingenzi mu buvuzi bunoze mu gihe kizaza.