Moteri ntoya ifite ingufu nkeigizwe na moteri na gearbox, moteri ni isoko y'amashanyarazi, umuvuduko wa moteri ni munini cyane, imbaraga ni nto cyane, moteri izenguruka ijya kuri gearbox inyuze mu menyo ya moteri (harimo n'inyo) iri ku mugozi wa moteri, bityo umugozi wa moteri ni kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi cyane muri moteri ntoya.
I. Ibikoresho by'umugozi wa moteri
Guhitamo ibikoresho byo mu mugozi bigomba kuzirikana ingano ya torque, ubushobozi bwo gukora, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, ndetse no kumenya niba bigomba gutwara ingufu za rukuruzi hakurikijwe ibisabwa na moteri, ibikoresho bishobora gutoranywa mu byuma bya karuboni byiza cyane, ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma, ibyuma bya alloy, ibyuma bya kaburimbo, nibindi. Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa muri moteri ni ubu bukurikira.
1. Ibyuma bya American Standard 1141 na 1144, ibikoresho byo mu rugo bya hafi cyane ni icyuma cya No. 45, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda muri iki gihe. Ingorane nyamukuru ni uko byoroshye kwangirika, bityo iyo bikoreshejwe, hakenewe andi mavuta adakoreshwa kugira ngo bigabanye ikibazo cyo kwangirika.
2. Icyuma cya American Standard 416 cy'icyuma kidashonga, ibikoresho byo mu rugo byegereye cyane ni Y1Cr13. Ntabwo byoroshye gutunganya, ntibikwiriye gutunganywa bifite imiterere igoye, nk'umutwe w'icyuma ukoresheje imigozi, igiciro kirahenze kurusha icyuma cya 45, gihendutse kurusha 303, kandi gikoreshwa cyane.
3. Icyuma cya American Standard 420 cy'icyuma kidashonga, ibikoresho byo mu rugo byegereye cyane ni 2Cr13. Ntabwo byoroshye gutunganya, ntibikwiriye gutunganywa bifite imiterere igoye, nk'umutwe w'icyuma urimo umugozi, bihenze kurusha icyuma cya 45, bihendutse kurusha 416/303, bikoreshwa cyane.
4. Icyuma cya American Standard 431 cy'icyuma kidasaza, iki gikoresho ntigikunze gukoreshwa cyane, cyane cyane iyo kigeze mu bihe byo kurya. Kirashobora kuba cyageze mu biryo.
5. Ibyuma bita "stainless steel" bya Amerika bya Standard 303, bihenze cyane, birangwa n'ibikoresho byoroshye, byoroshye kubitunganya mu buryo bugoye.
II. Imiterere y'umugozi wa moteri
Amenyo ya moteri ari muri moteri ntoya n'amenyo yo ku rwego rwa mbere muri mesh ya gearbox kugira ngo yohereze umuvuduko uzenguruka, ibyo bikaba byatanga imbaraga, bityo gukomera kw'amenyo ya moteri n'umugozi wa moteri ni ingenzi cyane. Tekereza ku buryo amenyo ya moteri n'umugozi wa moteri bingana, ntabwo dushobora kuzenguruka imiterere y'umugozi wa moteri.
Imiterere y'umugozi wa moteri ni
A. Umugozi woroheje, ukwiriye umutwaro muto n'umuvuduko muto.
B. Umugozi ugororotse cyangwa umugozi ufite ishusho ya D, ukwiriye umutwaro uringaniye.
C. Umugozi upfunyitse, ukwiriye umutwaro uringaniye.
D. Umugozi uzunguruka ufite inzira y'ingenzi, ukwiriye imitwaro iremereye n'imbaraga nyinshi.
E. Impera y'umugozi wa moteri ni worm, ubwo bwoko bwa moteri ni umwihariko, ahanini bukoreshwa mu gutwara turbo worm.
III. Ibisabwa mu mikorere y'umugozi wa moteri
Moteri ntoya zikoresha ingufubifite ibisabwa mu buzima, kandi ibisabwa mu mikorere y'umugozi wa moteri bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa moteri nto.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya umugozi wa moteri rifite.
A. Uburinganire bw'umurambararo w'umugozi wa moteri buri hejuru cyane, bushobora kugerwaho muri 0.002mm.
B. Kugira ngo hirindwe ingese kandi byongere ubudahangarwa bw'ingese, ubuso bw'umugozi wa moteri bukunze gushyirwaho nikeli.
C. Ubuso bw'umugozi wa moteri nabwo ni ingenzi cyane, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku buryo amenyo ya moteri ahura neza.
IV. Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'imirongo igabanya umuvuduko
Agakoresho gatuma ibintu bigabanuka gagabanywamo agace kagabanya ingufu nyinshi n'agace kagabanya ingufu nke bitewe n'imbaraga. Agakoresho gatuma ibintu bisohoka k'agakoresho gatandukanye gatuma ibintu bigabanuka, urugero n'ibipimo nabyo biratandukanye, kandi agakoresho gatuma ibintu bigabanuka gagabanywamo agace kagabanya umusaruro n'agace k'injira, kandi ihame ry'ubwoko bubiri bw'agakoresho karasobanuwe mu buryo burambuye hano hepfo.
1. Umuyoboro usohoka
Umugozi usohoka ni umugozi uhujwe n'uburyo bwo kugabanya no kohereza, umuvuduko wo gusohora umugozi ugenda buhoro cyane, ukurikije ibikoresho, umugozi usohoka ugabanyijemo umugozi w'icyuma usohoka, umugozi usohoka wa pulasitiki; ukurikije imiterere ugabanyijemo umugozi uhinduka D, umugozi uzengurutse, umugozi ugororotse kabiri, umugozi wa hexagonal, umugozi wa pentagonal, umugozi kare, nibindi.
2. Umugozi wo kwinjiramo
Umugozi winjiye ni umugozi uhuza moteri itwara imizigo n'umugozi ugabanya imyanda, umuvuduko winjiye n'imbaraga z'umugozi winjiye ni muto, umurambararo w'umugozi; impera imwe y'umugozi winjiye ishobora kunyura mu mwobo wo gushyiraho imizigo ikajya mu mwobo wo gushyiraho imizigo, umugozi winjiye ushobora gukurura imigozi hamwe n'ibikoresho biri mu gikoresho cyo gushyiraho imizigo, umwanya wo gushyiraho imizigo ugafungurwa ku rundi ruhande rw'umugozi winjiye, hanyuma umugozi wa moteri igabanya imyanda ugashyirwa mu mwobo wo gushyiraho imizigo, hanyuma urufunguzo rufunganye rugashyirwa hagati y'umugozi w'urufunguzo rufunganye n'umugozi w'urufunguzo kugira ngo habeho isano yihuta kandi ihamye hagati y'umugozi w'urufunguzo n'umugozi winjiye. Binyuze mu bufatanye bwavuzwe haruguru hagati y'umugozi winjiye, ishingiro ryo gushyiraho imizigo, umugozi wo gushyiraho imizigo n'umugozi w'urufunguzo rufunganye, moteri irashobora guhuzwa vuba n'umugozi winjiye binyuze mu mugozi w'urufunguzo, ibyo byoroshya gushyiraho moteri yinjiye hamwe n'aho ishyirwa kandi bigatuma gupakira no gupakurura abakozi byoroha cyane.
3. Uruhare n'itandukaniro ry'umugozi wo kohereza ubutumwa w'icyuma gigabanya umuriro.
A. kohereza ingufu runaka.
B. Guhindura umuvuduko w'ingufu, gusohora umuvuduko muto, kugira ngo bigerweho kugabanya umuvuduko. Mu rwego rwo kwirengagiza uburyo bwo guhangana n'uburinzi bw'uburiganya, umugozi w'ingufu n'umugozi usohoka bihinduranya imbaraga zingana, kandi imbaraga = umuvuduko *, ni ukuvuga ko iyo imbaraga zingana, umuvuduko w'umugozi n'umuvuduko w'umugozi, bityo umuvuduko ni muto, gusa umurambararo muto w'umugozi; ku rundi ruhande, umuvuduko w'umugozi usohoka ni muto, bityo umuvuduko ni munini, ugomba gukoresha umurambararo munini w'umugozi.
V. Ni izihe mpamvu zituma moteri ntoya ishyuha?
Moteri ntoya ifite ingufu nkeMu mikorere isanzwe, icyuma gishyushya ntabwo kizagaragara nk'igishyushya kidasanzwe, icyuma gishyushya moteri gifite ingufu nke akenshi kiba gifite impamvu zikurikira.
1. Kwangirika kwa moteri ntoya igabanya ubushyuhe nyuma bizatuma moteri ishyuha cyane.
2. amavuta yo kwisiga avanze n'uduce tudasanzwe cyangwa ibintu bidasanzwe ku gikoresho cyo kwisiga bizatuma ubushyuhe burushaho kwiyongera.
3. Ibura ry'amavuta ya moteri igabanya ubushyuhe, iyo moteri imaze igihe kinini izatuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera bigatuma moteri ishyuha cyane.
4. Ubwiza bw'amavuta yo kwisiga ni bubi cyane, ubushyuhe budahagije cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, imikorere yo kwisiga nayo izatuma habaho ubushyuhe budasanzwe bw'icyuma gishyushya.
5. ubwirinzi buto bwo kugabanya umuvuduko n'umugozi usohoka, igifuniko cy'inyuma kiba gifunguye cyane cyangwa gifunze cyane, gifunze cyane bizatuma ubwirinzi buhinduka, ubwirinzi bupfutse cyane buzatuma ubushyuhe bw'ubwirinzi buba bukomeye.
6. Gushyiraho nabi ibyuma bifunga imizigo ku buryo imigozi ibiri idafite umurongo ugororotse cyangwa uruziga rw'inyuma rw'icyuma gifunga imizigo, icyo gihe icyuma gifunga imizigo ntikizaba cyoroshye, umutwaro ugenda cyane kandi ubushyuhe bugashira.
VI. Ni izihe mpamvu z'ibanze zituma moteri ntoya igenda mu buryo bw'axial?
1. Urubanza rwa mbere ni urujya n'uruza rw'umugozi n'umuyoboro bya moteri nto, inkingi ya rotor n'umugozi hamwe n'impamvu runaka aho umwobo w'ibanze n'umugozi wa moteri nto biherereye, biganisha ku ihinduka ry'inkingi ya rotor ya moteri nto n'umugozi hagati y'aho uhagaze hagati y'umurongo n'umurongo wa radial, habayeho ikintu cyo kubangamira umugozi, atari ibyo gusa, bitewe n'urujya n'uruza rw'inkingi ya rotor, hari amahirwe menshi yo gutuma umugozi muto w'inyuma ya moteri n'ihinduka ry'umugozi wa rotor, cyangwa kuzunguruka ku murongo wa stator.
2. Ikibazo cya kabiri ni ukwangirika cyangwa gusohoka kwa micro moteri, mu gushushanya no guteza imbere micro moteri, ibintu byo kwagura ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho, bityo muri axial bizasiga icyuho runaka, ariko ibi bizatuma umurongo uhindagurika w'axial uhinduka, bityo gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyiramo umukandara kugira ngo bikemuke, niba gusohoka kwa axial cyangwa ubwiza bwa axial bifite inenge, bizatuma feri inanirwa, igiti kidakora neza.
3. Igice cya gatatu ni uguhindura uburyo bwo guhuza imikorere ya micro moteri stator-rotor magnetic centerline bigatuma habaho kwivanga, imiterere ikwiye ya micro moteri ni uko umurongo wa magnetic magnetic centreline wa stator na rotor uhurirana burundu, ariko mu by'ukuri micro moteri stator-rotor biragoye kugera ku buryo bwo guhuza imikorere, bityo micro moteri mu gihe cyo gukora izaba idafite iki kibazo: "guhuza - gutandukanya - guhuza - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gutandukanya - gusimburana" bityo inzira yo guhindura imikorere yikora, bityo inzira yo guhindura isubiramo izagaragara nk'iy'umurongo w'imbere.
4. Ugereranyije na moteri ntoya ifite propeller yayo ikora, inzira yo guhumeka izatanga imbaraga zijyanye na moteri ntoya, niba ingaruka zo kuringaniza propeller zitari nziza, ibyo bizatuma moteri ntoya yimuka.
Uburyo bwo gusohora ingufu za micro moteri buzakora ingaruka?
Mu magambo make, niba urujya n'uruza rw'umurambararo wa moteri ntoya ruzatuma moteri ntoya ihindagurika, urusaku, ubwiza butatanye, imizunguruko yatwitswe, bigabanura igihe cyo gukora. Dushobora kongeramo umurambararo w'izuba kugira ngo duhindure umurambararo uri ku nkengero z'inyuma z'umurambararo wa moteri ntoya n'umusumari wo ku mpera kugira ngo dukemure ikibazo cyo kugenda kwa moteri ntoya.
VII. Ni gute washyiraho uburyo bwo gushyiramo imiterere y'agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gatuma ibintu bigabanuka?
Moteri yo gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupima ikirere (Planetary reducer configuration moteri) yakoreshejwe mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu rugo rugezweho, none se uburyo bwo gupima ikirere (micro reducer) bukorwa bute?
Muri rusange, amasanduku y’amashanyarazi akoresha imirasire mito (micro planetary gearboxes) akoresha imirasire ya helical ifite imbaraga runaka, kandi nubwo hakoreshejwe imirasire ibiri ya helical na spur gears, icyerekezo cya axis kigomba gushyirwa aho giherereye. Ubunini n’icyerekezo cy’imbaraga za meshing za mirasire bishobora kumenyekana, ni byo gusa bigenwa n’uburebure bw’imbaraga ziri ku giti n’aho imbaraga ziri ku giti zikora. Kubwibyo, guhitamo inkingi zikurikira bishobora gukorwa.
1, Ibyuma bihuriweho ni ibyuma bizunguruka bifite umurongo umwe, ibyuma bizunguruka bifite umurongo ugororotse, ibyuma bizunguruka bifite umurongo ugororotse, ibyuma bizunguruka bifite umurongo ugororotse, ibyuma bizunguruka bifite umurongo ugororotse bine, ibyuma bizunguruka bifite umurongo ugororotse, nibindi.
2, ibipimo by'ubwikorezi bwo guhitamo bwa mbere ni ukumenya ingano y'umurambararo w'umugozi, umuvuduko w'umugozi wo kwinjira uri hejuru, ugomba gutoranywa ufite imbobo imwe mu bipimo by'ubushobozi bunini bwo gutwara, umugozi wo hagati ufite impande ebyiri z'imbaraga zo gufunga vitesi zikora ku imbobo, zihuye n'umugari, ugomba kandi gutoranywa ufite imbobo imwe mu bipimo by'ubushobozi bunini bwo gutwara;
3, umuvuduko w'umugozi usohoka ni muto kandi ingufu ebyiri gusa zo gukurura vitesi zikora ku mugozi no ku gitereko, ushobora guhitamo imbobo imwe mu bushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bw'umugozi uri hagati cyangwa muto, ariko umugozi usohoka n'imashini bihuza neza kandi bigatera ingaruka, bigomba guhitamo umugozi ufite ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo myinshi.
VIII. Ni iki kizatera kuvunika k'umugozi w'isanduku ya moteri y'ibikoresho?
Mu kazi ka buri munsi, uretse umusaruro w’imashini igabanya umuriro, ihuriro rya moteri rikomeza kuba ryiza, kandi umugozi ugabanya umuriro uvamo waracitse, umugozi usohoka w’imashini igabanya umuriro niba wacitse, nturenze impamvu zikurikira.
Mbere na mbere, ubwoko bubi bwo guhitamo butuma igabanya ry’amashanyarazi ritagira imbaraga zihagije. Bamwe mu bakoresha mu guhitamo, bibeshya ko igihe cyose igabanya ry’amashanyarazi ryatoranijwe rihuye n’ibisabwa mu kazi, mu by’ukuri, atari byo, kuko igabanuka ry’amashanyarazi rya moteri ryikubye n’ikigereranyo cyo kugabanya, agaciro k’umukandara muri rusange kaba kari munsi y’igabanuka ry’amashanyarazi risa n’iry’ibiciro byatanzwe n’ibipimo by’ibicuruzwa.
Icya kabiri, icyarimwe hagomba kuzirikanwa ubushobozi bwo gutwika moteri yayo ndetse n'imbaraga nini yo gukora ikenewe. By'umwihariko, hari igihe bigomba kubahiriza neza iri tegeko, atari ukurinda gusa verisiyo ziri mu cyuma gipima umuriro, ahubwo ahanini n'aho icyuma gipima umuriro gisohora umuriro kiba cyarazimye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-25-2022