An moteri y'amashanyarazini igikoresho gihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu za mashini, kandi kuva Faraday yatangira moteri ya mbere yamashanyarazi, twashoboye kubaho mubuzima bwacu nta gikoresho ahantu hose.
Muri iki gihe, imodoka zirahinduka vuba ziva mu kuba ahanini zikoreshwa mu bikoresho zikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi, kandi ikoreshwa rya moteri mu modoka riragenda ryiyongera. Abantu benshi ntibashobora kumenya umubare wa moteri zashyizwe mumodoka yabo, kandi intangiriro ikurikira izagufasha kuvumbura moteri mumodoka yawe.
Gukoresha moteri mumodoka
Kugirango umenye aho moteri iri mumodoka yawe, intebe yingufu ni ahantu heza ho kuyibona. Mubukungu bwimodoka, moteri mubisanzwe itanga imbere na aft guhinduranya no gusubira inyuma. Mu modoka nziza,moteri y'amashanyaraziIrashobora kugenzura uburebure buringaniye, kurugero, intebe yo hasi yintebe yicaye, gushyigikira umugongo, guhinduranya umutwe hamwe no gukomera, mubindi bintu bishobora gukoreshwa nta moteri yamashanyarazi. Ibindi byicaro bikoresha moteri yamashanyarazi harimo intebe zumuriro hamwe no gupakira ingufu zintebe zinyuma.
Ihanagura rya Windscreen nurugero rusanzwe rwamoteri y'amashanyaraziPorogaramu mu modoka zigezweho. Mubisanzwe, buri modoka ifite byibura moteri imwe yohanagura kubihanagura imbere. Ihanagura ry'idirishya ry'inyuma rigenda rirushaho gukundwa na SUV n'imodoka zifite urugi-rugi, bivuze ko ibyuma byinyuma hamwe na moteri bihuye biboneka mumodoka nyinshi. Indi moteri ivoma amazi yogeje kuri ecran yumuyaga, no mumamodoka amwe yerekeza kumatara, ashobora kuba afite icyuma gito.
Imodoka hafi ya zose zifite blower izenguruka umwuka binyuze muri sisitemu yo gushyushya no gukonjesha; ibinyabiziga byinshi bifite abafana babiri cyangwa benshi muri kabine. Imodoka zohejuru nazo zifite abafana mubyicaro byo guhumeka no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Kera, Windows yakundaga gukingurwa no gufunga intoki, ariko ubu windows windows irasanzwe. Moteri zihishe zubatswe muri buri dirishya, harimo izuba ryizuba hamwe nidirishya ryinyuma. Imashini zikoreshwa kuri Windows zirashobora kuba zoroshye nkibisobanuro, ariko ibisabwa mumutekano (nko kumenya inzitizi cyangwa gufunga ibintu) biganisha kumikoreshereze yubwenge ifite ubwenge bwo kugenzura no kugabanya imbaraga.
Guhindura kuva mumfashanyigisho ujya mumashanyarazi, gufunga imodoka bigenda byoroha. Inyungu zo kugenzura moteri zirimo ibintu byoroshye nkibikorwa bya kure, hamwe n’umutekano wongerewe ubwenge nubwenge nko gufungura byikora nyuma yo kugongana. Bitandukanye nidirishya ryamashanyarazi, gufunga umuryango wamashanyarazi bigomba kugumana uburyo bwo gukora intoki, ibi rero bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya moteri nuburyo bwo gufunga urugi rwamashanyarazi.
Ibipimo byerekana imbaho cyangwa cluster bishobora kuba byarahindutse diode itanga urumuri (LED) cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwerekana, ariko ubu buri terefone na gipima ikoresha moteri ntoya yamashanyarazi. Izindi moteri mubyiciro-bitanga ibyiciro zirimo ibintu bisanzwe nkibizunguruka byindorerwamo kuruhande no guhinduranya imyanya, kimwe nibindi bisabwa bitameze neza nka top hejuru ihinduranya, pedal ikururwa, hamwe nogutandukanya ibirahuri hagati yumushoferi numugenzi.
Munsi ya bonnet, moteri yamashanyarazi iragenda iba henshi mubindi bice. Mubihe byinshi, moteri yamashanyarazi isimbuza umukanda utwarwa nu mukandara. Ingero zirimo abafana ba radiator, pompe ya lisansi, pompe yamazi na compressor. Hariho inyungu nyinshi zo guhindura iyi mikorere kuva mukandara ukajya mumashanyarazi. Imwe muriyo nuko gukoresha moteri ya moteri mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho bikoresha ingufu kuruta gukoresha imikandara na pulleys, bikavamo inyungu nko kongera ingufu za peteroli, kugabanya ibiro hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya. Iyindi nyungu nuko ikoreshwa rya moteri yamashanyarazi kuruta imikandara itanga umudendezo mwinshi mugushushanya imashini, kuko aho pompe nabafana baterwa ntibagomba guhagarikwa numukandara winzoka ugomba kwomekwa kuri buri pulley.
Inzira mu buhanga bwimodoka
Moteri y'amashanyarazi ni ntangarugero ahantu hagaragara ku gishushanyo kiri hejuru, kandi, hanyuma, uko imodoka igenda iba elegitoronike kandi iterambere ry’imodoka yigenga n’ubwenge rikorwa, moteri y’amashanyarazi izakoreshwa cyane mu modoka, kandi ubwoko bwa moteri yo gutwara nabwo burahinduka.
Mugihe mbere moteri nyinshi mumodoka zakoreshaga sisitemu yimodoka 12V zisanzwe, sisitemu ebyiri za voltage 12V na 48V ubu zirimo kuba nyamukuru, hamwe na sisitemu ya voltage ebyiri yemerera bimwe mumitwaro ihanitse ikurwa muri bateri ya 12V. Ibyiza byo gukoresha itangwa rya 48V nigabanuka ryikubye inshuro enye kumashanyarazi amwe, hamwe no kugabanuka guherekeza uburemere bwinsinga hamwe na moteri. Porogaramu ifite imitwaro ihanitse ishobora kuvugururwa kuri 48V imbaraga zirimo moteri itangira, moteri ya turbocharger, pompe ya lisansi, pompe yamazi nabafana bakonje. Gushyira amashanyarazi ya 48V kuri ibyo bice birashobora kuzigama hafi 10 ku ijana mu gukoresha lisansi.
Gusobanukirwa Ubwoko bwa moteri
Porogaramu zitandukanye zisaba moteri zitandukanye, kandi moteri irashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro muburyo butandukanye.
1. Gutondekanya gushingiye ku mbaraga zikora - Ukurikije ingufu za moteri ikora, irashobora gushyirwa mubice bya DC na moteri ya AC. Muri byo, moteri ya AC nayo igabanijwemo moteri yicyiciro kimwe na moteri yibice bitatu.
2. Ukurikije ihame ryakazi - ukurikije imiterere n'amahame atandukanye yo gukora, moteri irashobora kugabanywamo moteri ya DC, moteri idahwitse na moteri ikora. Moteri ya syncronique irashobora kandi kugabanywamo moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya syncronous, moteri idahwitse ya moteri hamwe na moteri ya hystereze. Moteri ya Asynchronous irashobora kugabanywamo moteri ya induction na moteri ya AC commutator.
3. Gutondekanya ukurikije uburyo bwo gutangira no gukora - moteri ukurikije uburyo bwo gutangira no gukora irashobora kugabanywa muri capacitor-yatangijwe na moteri imwe ya moteri idahwitse, capacitor-ikoresha moteri imwe ya moteri idahwitse, capacitor-yatangiye gukora icyiciro kimwe cya moteri idafite moteri hamwe na moteri yicyiciro kimwe.
4. Gutondekanya ukurikije imikoreshereze - moteri yamashanyarazi irashobora kugabanywamo moteri ya moteri na moteri igenzura ukurikije imikoreshereze. Moteri yo gutwara ibinyabiziga igabanyijemo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi (harimo gucukura, gusya, gusya, gutobora, gukata, gusubiramo hamwe nibindi bikoresho) hamwe na moteri yamashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo murugo (harimo imashini imesa, ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, firigo, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata amajwi, VCR, ibyuma bifata amashusho, ibyuma bya DVD, ibyuma, imashini, imashini zikoresha imashini ntoya, nibindi bikoresho rusange). ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'ibindi). Moteri yo kugenzura igabanijwemo moteri yintambwe na moteri ya servo.
5. Gutondekanya ukurikije imiterere ya rotor - moteri ukurikije imiterere ya rotor irashobora kugabanywamo moteri ya cage induction (igipimo gishaje cyitwa moteri ya squirrel cage asynchronous moteri) hamwe na moteri yinjiza insinga (moteri ishaje yitwa moteri ya wire-ibikomere asinchronous moteri).
6. Gutondekanya ukurikije umuvuduko wo gukora - moteri ukurikije umuvuduko wimikorere irashobora kugabanywamo moteri yihuta, moteri yihuta, moteri yihuta, moteri yihuta.
Kugeza ubu, moteri nyinshi mumikorere yimodoka ikoresha moteri ya DC yasunitswe, nigisubizo gakondo. Moteri ziroroshye gutwara kandi ugereranije zihenze bitewe numurimo wo kugabanya utangwa na brushes. Mubisabwa bimwe, moteri ya DC itagira amashanyarazi (BLDC) itanga inyungu zingenzi mubijyanye nubucucike bwamashanyarazi, igabanya uburemere kandi igatanga ubukungu bwiza bwa peteroli hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi abayikora bahitamo gukoresha moteri ya BLDC mu byuma byerekana umuyaga, gushyushya kabine, guhumeka no guhumeka (HVAC) hamwe na pompe. Muri iyi porogaramu, moteri ikunda gukora umwanya muremure aho gukora byigihe gito nka power windows cyangwa intebe zamashanyarazi, aho ubworoherane nigiciro-cyiza cya moteri yogejwe ikomeza kuba nziza.
Moteri yamashanyarazi ibereye ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi
Guhindura ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi bijya mumashanyarazi gusa bizabona ihinduka kuri moteri itwarwa na moteri hagati yimodoka.
Sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga ni umutima wikinyabiziga gifite amashanyarazi, kigizwe na moteri, ihinduranya ingufu, ibyuma bitandukanye byerekana no gutanga amashanyarazi. Moteri ikwiye kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi harimo: moteri ya DC, moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi, moteri idafite imbaraga, moteri ihoraho ya moteri, hamwe na moteri yanga.
Moteri ya DC ni moteri ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi DC mumashanyarazi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukurura ingufu z'amashanyarazi kubera imikorere myiza yo kugenzura umuvuduko. Ifite kandi ibiranga torque nini yo gutangira kandi igereranije byoroshye kugenzura, kubwibyo, imashini iyo ari yo yose itangira munsi yumutwaro uremereye cyangwa isaba kugenzura umuvuduko umwe, nkurusyo runini rusubira inyuma, imashini, moteri, amashanyarazi, tramamu nibindi, birakwiriye gukoresha moteri ya DC.
Moteri ya Brushless DC irahuye cyane nibiranga imizigo iranga ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, bifite umuvuduko muke munini biranga torque, irashobora gutanga itara rinini ryo gutangira kugirango ryuzuze ibisabwa byihuta byimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, icyarimwe, irashobora gukora mumashanyarazi make, aringaniye kandi nini cyane, ifite kandi imikorere ihanitse, mubihe byuzuyemo urumuri, ifite imikorere ihanitse. Ikibi ni uko moteri ubwayo igoye kuruta moteri ya AC kandi umugenzuzi aragoye kuruta moteri ya DC yogejwe.
Moteri ya Asynchronous, ni ukuvuga moteri ya induction, ni igikoresho aho rotor ishyirwa mumashanyarazi azunguruka, kandi munsi yumurimo wumurima wa rukuruzi uzunguruka, haboneka urumuri ruzunguruka, bityo rotor ikazunguruka. Imiterere ya moteri ya Asynchronous iroroshye, yoroshye kuyikora no kuyitaho, ifite hafi yumutwaro uhoraho wumuvuduko, irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa mumashini menshi yinganda nubuhinzi bikurura. Nyamara, umuvuduko wa moteri idahwitse hamwe na magnetiki yumuzenguruko wizunguruka ifite umuvuduko uhoraho wo kuzunguruka, bityo rero kugenzura umuvuduko ni muke, ntabwo ari ubukungu nka moteri ya DC, byoroshye. Mubyongeyeho, mumashanyarazi menshi, yihuta-yimikorere, moteri idafite imbaraga ntabwo yumvikana nka moteri ya syncron.
Imashini ihoraho ya moteri ya moteri ni moteri isanisha ibyara imbaraga za magnetique izunguruka hamwe no gushimishwa na magnesi zihoraho, zikora nka rotor kugirango zibyare umuzenguruko wa magnetiki, kandi ibyiciro bitatu bya stator bizenguruka binyuze muri armature munsi yumurimo wa magnetiki uzunguruka, utera ibyiciro bitatu. Moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho ni ntoya mubunini, urumuri muburemere, hamwe na inertia ntoya izunguruka hamwe nubucucike bukabije, bukwiranye nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite umwanya muto. Byongeye kandi, ifite igipimo kinini cya torque-kuri-inertia, imbaraga ziremereye cyane, hamwe n’umuriro munini usohoka cyane cyane ku muvuduko muke wo kuzunguruka, bikwiranye no gutangira kwihuta kwimodoka ya mudasobwa. Kubwibyo, moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho yamenyekanye muri rusange n’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi byo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga kandi byakoreshejwe mu modoka nyinshi z’amashanyarazi. Kurugero, ibinyabiziga byinshi byamashanyarazi mubuyapani bitwarwa na moteri zihoraho za magneti, zikoreshwa muri Hybrid ya Toyota Prius.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-31-2024