Koderi ni iki?
Mu gihe cy'imikorere ya moteri, kugenzura mu buryo nyabwo ibipimo nk'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka, n'aho icyerekezo cy'umugozi uzenguruka giherereye bigena imiterere y'umuyoboromoteriumubiri n'ibikoresho bikururwa, ndetse no kugenzura mu buryo nyabwo moteri n'imikorere y'ibikoresho, bityo bigakorwa ku buryo bwo gukora, kugenzura umuvuduko, n'izindi nshingano nyinshi zihariye.
Aha, ikoreshwa rya encoder nk'ikintu cyo gupima imbere ntiryoroshya gusa uburyo bwo gupima, ahubwo rinanoze, ryizewe kandi rifite imbaraga.
Encoder ni sensor izenguruka ihindura aho ibice bizenguruka biherereye n'aho bisimburana mu buryo bw'uruhererekane rw'ibimenyetso by'ingufu za digitale, bikusanyirizwa kandi bigatunganywa na sisitemu yo kugenzura kugira ngo itange amabwiriza menshi yo guhindura no guhindura imikorere y'ibikoresho. Iyo encoder ihujwe na gear bar cyangwa screw, ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gupima ingano y'aho ibice bigenda n'aho bisimburana.
Ibyiciro by'ibanze bya encoder
Encoder ni uruvange rw'ibikoresho bipima neza, ikimenyetso cyangwa amakuru yo kwandika, guhindura, gutumanaho, kohereza no kubika amakuru y'ibimenyetso.
Imashini ipima neza ihuza ibice bya mekanike n'iby'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ishyireho inyuguti, ihindure, ihererekanye, yohereze kandi ibike ibimenyetso n'amakuru. Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye, ishyirwa mu byiciro rya mudasobwa rikurikira: imashini ikoresha code na code scale: umurongo unyura mu bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi byitwa code scale encoder, angular displacement mu itumanaho rya mudasobwa, - incremental encoder: gutanga aho iherereye, inguni n'umubare w'impande, nibindi, ku mubare w'impinduka kuri buri hindukira kugira ngo hamenyekane igipimo cy'impinduka zitandukanye. -Absolute encoder: Tanga amakuru nk'aho iherereye, inguni n'umubare w'impinduka mu nyongera z'inguni, buri nyiyongera y'inguni ihabwa code yihariye.
-Izindikisho za Hybrid absolute: Izindikisho za Hybrid absolute zitanga amakuru abiri: itsinda rimwe ry'amakuru rikoreshwa mu kumenya aho inkingi za rukuruzi ziherereye, hamwe n'imikorere y'amakuru arambuye; irindi tsinda ni kimwe neza n'amakuru asohoka ya za encoders ziyongera.
Imashini zikoreshwa cyane mu gusimbuzamoteri
Imashini yo gukodesha y'inyongera
Gukoresha ihame ryo guhindura amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo habeho gusohora ibice bitatu by'imivuduko kare y'umuraba A, B na Z. A, B ibice bibiri by'imivuduko itandukaniro rya 90o, bishobora kugena byoroshye icyerekezo cyo kuzenguruka; Z-icyiciro buri muvuduko umuvuduko, ukoreshwa mu gushyira ahantu harebwa. Ibyiza: ihame ryoroshye ry'ubwubatsi, imikorere y'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ingana n'amasaha ibihumbi mirongo cyangwa arenga, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingaruka, ubwizerwe bwinshi, bukwiriye kohereza intera ndende. Ibyiza: kudashobora gutanga amakuru y'aho umuvuduko uzenguruka.
Imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe (absolute encoders)
Sensor y'ikoranabuhanga isohora mu buryo butaziguye, disiki y'inyuguti zizunguruka za sensor ku cyerekezo cya radial cy'imiyoboro myinshi ya kode, buri muyoboro unyuze ku gice cy'urumuri gitanga urumuri n'urumuri hagati y'imiterere y'imiyoboro y'imiyoboro ya kode yegeranye ni isano iri hagati y'umubare w'imiyoboro ya kode iri kuri disiki ya kode ni umubare w'imibare ya binary ku mubare w'imiyoboro ya kode ni umubare w'uduce twa disiki yayo ya kode, muri disiki ya kode ku ruhande rw'isoko ry'urumuri, urundi ruhande rw'umuyoboro ujyanye na buri muyoboro wa kode hari ikintu kibona urumuri; iyo disiki ya kode iri mu mwanya utandukanye, ikintu kibona urumuri gikurikije urumuri cyangwa kidahindura ikimenyetso cy'urwego gihuye kugira ngo kigire umubare wa binary. Iyo disiki ya kode iri mu myanya itandukanye, buri kintu kibona urumuri gihindura ikimenyetso cy'urwego gihuye bitewe nuko cyamuritswe cyangwa kitamuritswe kugira ngo kigire umubare wa binary.
Ubu bwoko bwa encoder burangwa no kuba budasaba kontaro kandi kode y'ikoranabuhanga idahinduka ijyanye n'aho iherereye ishobora gusomwa ahantu hose h'umugozi uzenguruka. Birumvikana ko uko umuyoboro wa kode uba mwinshi, ni ko ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza ibintu burushaho kuba bwinshi, kuri encoder ifite N-bit binary resolution, disiki ya kode igomba kuba ifite umuyoboro wa barcode wa N. Kuri ubu, hari ibicuruzwa bya encoder bya 16-bit absolute.
Ihame ry'imikorere ya encoder
Hagati aho hari umugozi w'ikirango cy'amashanyarazi, gifite uruziga runyura mu mirongo yijimye, hari ibikoresho byo kohereza amashanyarazi n'ibyakira bigomba gusomwa, kugira ngo haboneke amaseti ane y'ibimenyetso by'umuraba wa sine bihujwe muri A, B, C, D, buri muraba wa sine ufite itandukaniro rya dogere 90 (ugereranije n'umuraba wo mu mpande kuri dogere 360), guhindura ikimenyetso cya C, D, gishyizwe kuri A, B bibiri, bishobora kongerwa kugira ngo ikimenyetso gihamye; naho ikindi buri hindukira kugira ngo hasohorwe umuvuduko wa Z mu mwanya wa zeru.
Kubera ko itandukaniro rya A na B mu byiciro bibiri rya dogere 90, rishobora kugereranywa n'igice cya A imbere cyangwa igice cya B imbere, kugira ngo umenye aho encoder izunguruka neza n'aho ihindukirira inyuma, binyuze muri zeru pulse, ushobora kubona aho encoder iherereye ntarengwa.
Ibikoresho bya disiki ya encoder bifite ikirahure, icyuma, pulasitiki, disiki y'ikirahure ishyirwa mu kirahure ku murongo muto cyane washushanyijeho, ubushyuhe bwayo ni bwiza, ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi, disiki y'icyuma ihita itambuka kandi ntirenge umurongo washushanyijeho, ntabwo icika intege, ariko bitewe n'ubunini bw'icyuma runaka, ubuziranenge ni buke, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo buzaba bubi kurusha ubw'ikirahure ku rugero runaka, disiki ya pulasitiki ihendutse, ikiguzi cyayo ni gito, ariko ubuziranenge, ubushyuhe buhamye, igihe cyo kubaho ni kibi kurushaho. Disiki za pulasitiki zirahendutse, ariko ubuziranenge, ubushyuhe buhamye, n'igihe cyo kubaho ni bibi kurushaho.
Igisubizo - encoder yo gutanga umubare w'imirongo inyura cyangwa yijimye kuri dogere 360 z'izunguruka yitwa igisubizo, kizwi kandi nk'igisubizo cy'igipimo, cyangwa cyitwa mu buryo butaziguye umubare w'imirongo, muri rusange imirongo 5 ~ 10.000 kuri buri gipimo cy'impinduka.
Amahame yo gupima imyanya n'amabwiriza yo kugenzura ibitekerezo
Imashini zitunganya imbuga zifite umwanya ukomeye cyane mu byuma bitunganya imbuga, ibikoresho by'imashini, gutunganya ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gusubiza amakuru kuri moteri ndetse n'ibikoresho byo gupima no kugenzura. Imashini zitunganya imbuga zikoresha imirasire y'urumuri n'amasoko y'urumuri rwa infrared kugira ngo zihindure ibimenyetso by'urumuri mu bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bya TTL (HTL) binyuze mu cyuma gitanga amakuru, kigaragaza inguni izenguruka n'aho moteri iherereye binyuze mu gusesengura inshuro z'urwego rwa TTL n'umubare w'urwego rwo hejuru.
Kubera ko inguni n'aho biherereye bishobora gupimwa neza, birashoboka gushyiraho sisitemu yo kugenzura ifunganye ikoresheje encoder na inverter kugira ngo igenzura rirusheho kuba ryiza, ari nayo mpamvu lifti, ibikoresho by'imashini, nibindi bishobora gukoreshwa neza.
Incamake
Muri make, twumva ko encoder igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri bw’inyongera n’ubw’uburyo bubiri bukurikije imiterere, ni n’ibindi bimenyetso, nk’ibimenyetso by’urumuri, mu bimenyetso by’amashanyarazi bishobora gusesengura no kugenzurwa. Kandi tuba mu buryo busanzwe bwo kuzamura, ibikoresho by’imashini bishingiye gusa ku miyoborere nyayo ya moteri, binyuze mu gusubiza ibimenyetso by’amashanyarazi bigenzura closed-loop, encoder ifite frequency converter nayo ni ikibazo cyo kugera ku miyoborere nyayo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Gashyantare 2024