Ibirayi bishyushye! “- Iki gishobora kuba ari cyo kintu cya mbere injeniyeri nyinshi, abakora, n'abanyeshuri bagira kuri moteri ntoya mu gihe cyo gukemura ibibazo by'umushinga. Ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara cyane kuri moteri ntoya zitanga ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukora. Ariko icy'ingenzi ni iki, ubushyuhe busanzwe bungana iki? Kandi ubushyuhe bungana iki bugaragaza ikibazo?

Gushyushya cyane ntibigabanya gusa imikorere myiza ya moteri, imbaraga zayo, n'uburyo ikora neza, ahubwo binatuma moteri isaza mu gihe kirekire, amaherezo bigatera kwangirika burundu. Niba uhanganye n'ubushyuhe bwa moteri ntoya kuri printer yawe ya 3D, imashini ya CNC, cyangwa robo, iyi nkuru ni iyawe. Tuzasuzuma impamvu nyamukuru zitera umuriro kandi tuguhe ibisubizo 5 byihuse byo gukonjesha.

Igice cya 1: Gushakisha impamvu nyamukuru - kuki moteri nto ikora ubushyuhe?

Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa gusobanura igitekerezo cy'ingenzi: gushyushya moteri ntoya ntabwo byanze bikunze kandi ntibishobora kwirindwa burundu. Ubushyuhe bwabyo buturuka ahanini ku bintu bibiri:

1. Gutakaza icyuma (igihombo cy'ibanze): Stator ya moteri ikozwe mu mpapuro z'icyuma za silikoni zishyizwe hamwe, kandi imbaraga rukuruzi zisimburana zizatanga imiyoboro ya eddy na hysteresis muri yo, bigatera ubushyuhe. Iki gice cy'igihombo gifitanye isano n'umuvuduko wa moteri (frequency), kandi uko umuvuduko uba mwinshi, niko igihombo cy'icyuma gikunze kuba kinini.

2. Gutakaza umuringa (gutakaza ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'umuyaga): Iyi ni yo soko nyamukuru y'ubushyuhe kandi ni igice dushobora kwibandaho mu kunoza. Ikurikiza itegeko rya Joule: P=I ² × R.

P (ibura ry'ingufu): Ingufu zahinduwe ubushyuhe mu buryo butaziguye.

I (ubu):Umuyaga unyura mu ruziga rwa moteri.

R (Ubudahangarwa):Ubudahangarwa bw'imbere bw'izunguruka rya moteri.

Mu magambo make, ingano y'ubushyuhe butangwa ingana na kare y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Ibi bivuze ko n'ubwiyongere buto bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi bushobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera cyane. Hafi ya ibisubizo byacu byose bishingira ku buryo bwo gucunga uyu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi (I) mu buryo bwa siyansi.

Igice cya 2: Impamvu eshanu z'ingenzi - Isesengura ry'impamvu zihariye zitera umuriro ukabije

Iyo ubushyuhe bwa moteri buri hejuru cyane (nk'ubushyuhe bukabije ku buryo utabikoraho, akenshi burenze 70-80 ° C), akenshi biterwa n'imwe cyangwa nyinshi muri izi mpamvu zikurikira:

Impamvu ya mbere ni uko umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uba uri hejuru cyane

Iyi ni yo genzura rikunze kugaragara kandi ry’ibanze. Kugira ngo babone torque nini yo gusohora, abakoresha bakunze guhindura potentiometer igenzura current ku bashoferi (nka A4988, TMC2208, TB6600) cyane. Ibi byatumye current yo kuzunguruka (I) irenga cyane agaciro ka moteri, kandi nk'uko P=I ² × R ibivuga, ubushyuhe bwariyongereye cyane. Wibuke ko torque yiyongera ku giciro cy'ubushyuhe.

Impamvu ya kabiri: Voltage idakwiye n'uburyo bwo gutwara

Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uri hejuru cyane: Sisitemu ya moteri ya stepper ikoresha "umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhoraho", ariko amashanyarazi menshi atuma umushoferi ashobora "gusunika" umuriro muri moteri izunguruka ku muvuduko wihuta, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu kunoza imikorere y'umuvuduko mwinshi. Ariko, ku muvuduko muto cyangwa mu gihe cyo kuruhuka, amashanyarazi menshi ashobora gutuma umuriro ucika kenshi, bikongera igihombo cy'amajwi kandi bigatuma umushoferi na moteri bashyuha cyane.

Kudakoresha micro step cyangwa kudakoresha subdivision idahagije:Mu buryo bwuzuye bw'intambwe, imiterere y'umuraba w'amashanyarazi ni umuraba kare, kandi umuraba uhinduka cyane. Agaciro k'umuraba muri coil gahinduka mu buryo butunguranye hagati ya 0 n'agaciro ntarengwa, bigatuma habaho urusaku rwinshi rw'umuraba n'urusaku, ndetse n'imikorere micye. Kandi intambwe nto igabanya umuraba w'umuraba w'amashanyarazi (hafi umuraba wa sine), igabanya igihombo cya harmonic na torque ripple, ikora neza, kandi akenshi igabanya ubushyuhe bukoreshwa ku rugero runaka.

Impamvu ya gatatu: Ibibazo byo kurenza urugero cyangwa ibibazo bya tekiniki

Kurenza umutwaro ugenwe: Iyo moteri ikora igihe kirekire munsi y’umutwaro uri hafi cyangwa urenze umuvuduko wayo, kugira ngo itsinde ubukana, umushoferi azakomeza gutanga ingufu nyinshi z’amashanyarazi, bigatuma ubushyuhe bukomeza kwiyongera.

Kugongana kw'ibyuma, kugorana no gufungana: Gushyiramo imiyoboro idakwiye, imiyoboro mibi y’ubuyobozi, n’ibintu biturutse mu mahanga biri mu cyuma gifata icyuma, byose bishobora guteza imitwaro myinshi kandi idakenewe kuri moteri, bigatuma ikora cyane kandi igatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Impamvu ya kane: Guhitamo moteri nabi

Ifarashi nto ikurura igare rinini. Niba umushinga ubwawo ukeneye imbaraga nini, kandi ugahitamo moteri ntoya cyane (nk'iyo gukoresha NEMA 17 kugira ngo ikore akazi ka NEMA 23), ishobora gukora igihe kirekire gusa iremereye cyane, kandi ubushyuhe bwinshi ni ingaruka idashobora kwirindwa.

Impamvu ya gatanu: Ahantu habi ho gukorera n'aho ubushyuhe budakwirakwira neza

Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ikirere: Moteri ikorera ahantu hafunze cyangwa ahantu hari izindi soko z'ubushyuhe hafi (nk'ibitanda bya 3D printer cyangwa imitwe ya laser), ibi bigabanya cyane ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.

Kudakora neza kw'imiyoboro karemano: Moteri ubwayo ni isoko y'ubushyuhe. Iyo umwuka ukikije udatembera, ubushyuhe ntibushobora gutwarwa ku gihe, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera kandi ubushyuhe bugakomeza kwiyongera.

Igice cya 3: Ibisubizo ngiro - Uburyo 5 bwiza bwo gukonjesha moteri yawe nto

Nyuma yo kumenya impamvu, dushobora kuguha umuti ukwiye. Nyamuneka kosora ikibazo kandi ugikore neza mu buryo bukurikira:

Igisubizo cya 1: Shyira neza umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (intambwe ya mbere ikora neza cyane)

Uburyo bwo gukora:Koresha multimeter kugira ngo upime voltage reference voltage (Vref) kuri driver, hanyuma ubare agaciro k'amashanyarazi gahuye ukurikije formula (formula zitandukanye ku bashoferi batandukanye). Shyira kuri 70% -90% by'amashanyarazi y'icyiciro cyagenwe cya moteri. Urugero, moteri ifite ingufu za 1.5A ishobora gushyirwa hagati ya 1.0A na 1.3A.

Impamvu bigira akamaro: Bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye I mu buryo bwo gutanga ubushyuhe kandi bigabanya gutakaza ubushyuhe inshuro kare. Iyo torque ihagije, ubu ni bwo buryo bwo gukonjesha buhendutse cyane.

Igisubizo cya 2: Kunoza ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitwara imodoka no gukoresha micro stepping

Voltage y'imodoka: Hitamo voltage ijyanye n'umuvuduko ukeneye. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi za mudasobwa, 24V-36V ni urwego ruhuza neza imikorere n'ubushyuhe. Irinde gukoresha voltage nyinshi cyane. 

Koresha intambwe ntoya zo gutandukanya ibice byinshi: Shyira umushoferi kuri micro step mode yo hejuru (nk'igice cya 16 cyangwa 32). Ibi ntibizana gusa kugenda neza kandi gucecetse, ahubwo binagabanya igihombo cya harmonic giterwa n'imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amazi ugenda neza, bifasha kugabanya ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'imikorere iri hagati n'iy'umuvuduko muto.

Umuti wa 3: Gushyiramo utumashini dushyushya no gukonjesha umwuka ku ngufu (gutwika ubushyuhe)

Amababa yo gutwika ubushyuhe: Ku moteri nyinshi ntoya zo kuzamuka (cyane cyane NEMA 17), gufata cyangwa gufata amababa yo gutwika ubushyuhe ya aluminiyumu ku gisenge cya moteri ni bwo buryo butaziguye kandi buhendutse cyane. Uburyo bwo gutwika ubushyuhe bwongera cyane ubuso bwa moteri butuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukuraho ubushyuhe karemano.

Gukonjesha umwuka ku ngufu: Niba ingaruka zo gushyushya zikiri nziza, cyane cyane ahantu hafunze, kongeramo umufana muto (nk'umufana wa 4010 cyangwa 5015) kugira ngo umwuka ukonje ni cyo gisubizo cyiza. Umuyaga ushobora gutwara ubushyuhe vuba, kandi ingaruka zo gukonjesha ni ingenzi cyane. Iyi ni yo ngeso isanzwe ikoreshwa ku mashini za 3D printer na CNC.

Igisubizo cya 4: Guhindura imiterere ya Drive (Ubuhanga buhanitse)

Disiki nyinshi zigezweho zikoresha ubwenge, zitanga imikorere ihanitse yo kugenzura ubushyuhe:

StealthShop II & SpreadCycle: Iyo iyi porogaramu ifunguye, iyo moteri idahagaze igihe runaka, umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uhita ugabanuka ukagera kuri 50% cyangwa ndetse no munsi y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ukoreshwa. Bitewe nuko moteri iba ihagaze igihe kinini, iyi porogaramu ishobora kugabanya cyane ubushyuhe budahinduka.

Impamvu bikora: Gucunga neza ingufu zikoreshwa mu mikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi, gutanga ingufu zihagije mu gihe bikenewe, kugabanya imyanda mu gihe idakenewe, no kuzigama ingufu no gukonjesha amazi aturuka ku isoko.

Igisubizo cya 5: Reba imiterere ya mekanike hanyuma wongere uhitemo (igisubizo cy'ibanze)

Igenzura rya mekanike: Zungurutsa umugozi wa moteri n'intoki (uri mu gihe cyo kuzimya umuriro) hanyuma wumve niba umeze neza. Reba sisitemu yose yo kohereza kugira ngo urebe neza ko nta hantu hafunganye, hafite uburyaryate, cyangwa hafite gufungana. Sisitemu yoroshye ya mekanike ishobora kugabanya cyane umutwaro kuri moteri.

Guhitamo bundi bushya: Niba nyuma yo kugerageza uburyo bwose bwavuzwe haruguru, moteri iracyashyushye kandi imbaraga zayo zikaba nkeya, birashoboka ko moteri yatoranijwe ari nto cyane. Gusimbuza moteri ibipimo binini (nko kuvugurura kuva kuri NEMA 17 ukayishyira kuri NEMA 23) cyangwa ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziri hejuru, no kuyireka igakora mu gace isanzwe, bizakemura ikibazo cy'ubushyuhe mu buryo busanzwe.

Kurikiza inzira kugira ngo ukore iperereza:

Uramutse uhuye na moteri nto ishyushye cyane, ushobora gukemura ikibazo mu buryo bunoze ukurikije inzira ikurikira:

Moteri irimo gushyuha cyane

Intambwe ya 1: Reba niba umuvuduko wa disiki uri hejuru cyane?

Intambwe ya 2: Reba niba umutwaro wa mekanike uremereye cyane cyangwa niba ukugubana ari kwinshi?

Intambwe ya 3: Shyiramo ibikoresho bikonjesha bifatika

Shyiramo agasanduku k'ubushyuhe

Ongeraho umwuka ushyushye cyane (umufana muto)

Ese ubushyuhe bwariyongereye?

Intambwe ya 4: Tekereza guhitamo no gusimbuza moteri nini